[70] It has a very high refractive index (4.0) and must be coated with anti-reflection agents. In a lewis dot structure the electrons which complete an octet but are not located between two atoms are referred to as . is germanium oxide ionic or covalent. Which is the correct Lewis structure of nitrite ion, NO 2-? [55], While it is produced mainly from sphalerite, it is also found in silver, lead, and copper ores. tutor. Author: . Main menu. [note 3] So instead, Winkler named the new element germanium (from the Latin word, Germania, for Germany) in honor of his homeland. [34], Pure germanium is known to spontaneously extrude very long screw dislocations, referred to as germanium whiskers. Know/ memorize . Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. [89], Germanium supplements, made from both organic and inorganic germanium, have been marketed as an alternative medicine capable of treating leukemia and lung cancer. . b. PDF The Molecular Structure of Selenium Dichloride, SeCl Determined by Gas how to add trusted domain in office 365 admin; andrea lowe family; the monitor newspaper mcallen, tx phone number; how much does a smoke shop make a month. Australia's Top Business Stories . [85], Germanium is emerging as an important material for spintronics and spin-based quantum computing applications. Germanium compounds are also used for polymerization catalysts and have most recently found use in the production of nanowires. Whats the formula for germanium sulfide? Explained by Sharing Culture . Refer to your Lewis structure for GeS 2 What are the bond angles found in germanium disulfide? T3DB: Selenium disulfide Solution for Draw the Lewis Structure of BiF61- 2. When this structure is completed following the octet/duet rule, how many hydrogen atoms are bonded to the first carbon? germanium disulfide lewis structure - treinfra.ovh 119E expand_more In 2010, researchers demonstrated room temperature spin transport[86] and more recently donor electron spins in germanium has been shown to have very long coherence times. Electronic structure of amorphous germanium disulfide via density [9][10][18] He also determined an atomic weight of 72.32 by analyzing pure germanium tetrachloride (GeCl4), while Lecoq de Boisbaudran deduced 72.3 by a comparison of the lines in the spark spectrum of the element. take you down meaning sexually; elliot family medicine hooksett lab; tiger muscular system; let's sing 2021 carrefour 2 disulfide 3 Charge PO 3 3 phosphite PO 4 3 phosphate PO 2 3 hypophosphite AsO 3 3 arsenite AsO 4 3 arsenate 4 Charge P2O7 4 pyrophosphate **Most commonly encountered ions in bold. Germanium disulfide | GeS2 | CID 82816 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . Our team is dedicated to offering neat and professional masonry designs that are beautiful and will last for generations to come. Draw a Lewis electron dot diagram for an atom or a monatomic ion. Crystal structures of the tetragonal forms of germanium and silicon disulfide are similar and consist of (SiS(4))(4-) and (GeS(4))(4-) tetrahedra which share vertices to form three-dimensional networks. [31] GeCl4 is used in the production of organogermanium compounds. Structure of GERMANIUM DISULFIDE (GeS2) - Mol-Instincts Optical Material Composition - Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co [44], Four tetrahalides are known. CAS number: 12025-34-2. [88] U.S. Food and Drug Administration research has concluded that inorganic germanium, when used as a nutritional supplement, "presents potential human health hazard". Soluble inorganic forms of germanium used at first, notably the citrate-lactate salt, resulted in some cases of renal dysfunction, hepatic steatosis, and peripheral neuropathy in individuals using them over a long term. In sterling silver alloys, for instance, it reduces firescale, increases tarnish resistance, and improves precipitation hardening. [3] History Once we know how many valence electrons there are in GeCl4 we can distribute them around the central atom with the goal of filling the outer shells of each atom. In the Lewis Structure of OF2, both Fluorine atoms share a single bond with the Oxygen. It is lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white and similar in appearance to silicon. CH The total valence electron available for the NF3 lewis structure is 26. [27], The notable properties of germania (GeO2) are its high index of refraction and its low optical dispersion. REVIEW | Find, read and cite all the research . [24], Germanium differs from silicon in that the supply is limited by the availability of exploitable sources, while the supply of silicon is limited only by production capacity since silicon comes from ordinary sand and quartz. Infrared spectra of germanium sulfide, germanium disulfide, germanium oxide sulfide and germanium dioxide in solid argon. Germanium is a group IVB metalloid, and therefore chemically quite different from the transition metals we have been considering so far. Happy Meat Farms Website. 1, B. study resourcesexpand_more. A periodic table will be available for the exam, but the list of rules will not be available, so this is a chance to practice using the rules to help you remember them! Germanium disulfide - Big Chemical Encyclopedia In a lewis dot structure the electrons which complete an octet but are not located between two atoms are referred to as . [43] By heating the disulfide in a current of hydrogen, the monosulfide (GeS) is formed, which sublimes in thin plates of a dark color and metallic luster, and is soluble in solutions of the caustic alkalis. eV How many single bonds are found in the Lewis structure of germanium disulfide? [81], In recent years germanium has seen increasing use in precious metal alloys. The formula for carbon disulfide is A. CSi2 B. C2s C. CS2 D. CaS2 E. (CS)2. J. Nathan Hohman ab, Moonhee Kim ab, Heidi R. Bednar a, Jeffrey A. Lawrence c, Patrick D. McClanahan d and Paul S. Weiss * abde a California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Being directly below silicon in the periodic table, germanium has quite similar chemistry and early studies of phytoplankton that make up their structural skeletons ('tests') of biogenic silica (e.g., diatoms), showed that they take up germanium along . Chemicals and Drugs 115. Germanium - Wikipedia Let's start with its Lewis structure. arrow_forward. Product number . The reflectivity has advantages over silicon in neutron and high energy X-ray applications. Expert Answer. [27] Germanium is recovered as a by-product from sphalerite zinc ores where it is concentrated in amounts as great as 0.3%,[62] especially from low-temperature sediment-hosted, massive ZnPbCu(Ba) deposits and carbonate-hosted ZnPb deposits. The Oxygen and Carbon have an octet in their outer shell and the Hydrogen has filled valence shells. Home; About us; . Its name comes from Germania, the Latin name of Germany. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Structure and Bonding - Overview. List of Lewis Structures. Please hyperlink "Mol-Instincts" to www.molinstincts.com. Because germanium and gallium arsenide have nearly identical lattice constant, germanium substrates can be used to make gallium-arsenide solar cells. Selenium disulfide. [27], Germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) substrates are seen as a potential replacement for silicon on miniaturized chips. germanium disulfide lewis structure - landsinabuja.com.ng germanium disulfide lewis structure - zehirsizsofralar.org Request PDF | First germanium doped titanium disulfide polytypes Crystal structure and metal-metal interactions [Premier dopage au germanium de polytypes de disulfure de titane structure . Note: H always goes outside. Request for Quote Skip to the end of the images gallery. Xiuling Li During the refinement, difference Fourier synthesis indicated a maximum peak at the 1b (0 0 ) position, which was attributed to the excess of titanium (Ti2) with a refined site occupancy about 0.017(2) leading to a decrease in the residual electronic density. Although many of the jobs we do are residential, we have extensive experience in building commercial structures and laying brick and stone on them. The 73Ge NMR spectra were studied of Ge . A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the GeCl4 Lewis Dot Structure.For the GeCl4 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for the GeCl4 molecule. [37] All four dihalides are known and in contrast to the tetrahalides are polymeric solids. [31], Germanium is a semiconductor having an indirect bandgap, as is crystalline silicon. sterling silver cremation jewelry; overton county school district; the old stagecoach eastman johnson analysis. [67] Russia's deposits are located in the far east of Sakhalin Island, and northeast of Vladivostok. Circuits utilizing the properties of Si-SiGe heterojunctions can be much faster than those using silicon alone. asked to draw a reasonable Lewis structure for each. [0108] The catalyst can alternatively be a Lewis acid catalyst for example BF 3, B(C 6 F 5) 3, FeCl 3, AlCl 3, ZnCl 2, ZnBr 2 or boron, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium compounds with a monovalent aromatic moiety preferably having at least one electron-withdrawing element or group such as --CF 3, --NO 2 or --CN, or substituted with at . [note 1] The chemist Clemens Winkler analyzed this new mineral, which proved to be a combination of silver, sulfur, and a new element. These electrons are arranged according to specific rules of different orbits. Once the sample is isolated in the XPS chamber, acquire the uranium-4 F oxygen-1 S and valence band spectra as before. GeS2, Germanium (IV) Disulfide Powder, >99.99% Purity, 325 Mesh GaBr3 GALLIUM BROMIDE 731 GeS2 GERMANIUM DISULFIDE 776. Table: Most Common Bonding Patterns for the Nonmetallic Elements Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 4 bonds No lone pairs 3 bonds 1 lone pair 2 bonds 2 lone pairs 1 bond 3 lone pairs 17.3.1 Aerogels from Main Group Chalcogenide Clusters and Pt 2+. Start your trial now! Germanium Disulfide, GeS2, 99.999%. First germanium doped titanium disulfide polytypes Crystal structure 2207 study . Legitimate Lands and Properties germanium disulfide lewis structure Report at a scam and speak to a recovery consultant for free. Anti-fouling Compositions With a Fluorinated Oxyalkylene-containing Tellurium is a classified metalloid element. [27] For example, the company that became Fairchild Semiconductor was founded in 1957 with the express purpose of producing silicon transistors. [57][58][59] Some zinc-copper-lead ore bodies contain enough germanium to justify extraction from the final ore concentrate. (F) CDRH1 interactions with . - Charge. 90 degrees 109.5 degrees 120 degrees 180 degrees Expert Solution Want to see the full answer? He initially considered the new element to be eka-antimony, but was soon convinced that it was instead eka-silicon. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo). It is a metalloid in the carbon group that is chemically similar to its group neighbors silicon and tin. germanium disulfide lewis structure [30] At pressures above 120 kbar, germanium becomes the allotrope -germanium with the same structure as -tin. The central oxygen atom has two lone pairs of electrons, and the bond angle of F-O-F is 109 . In chemistry, the structure and bonding of atoms, molecules, and crystals is described by quantum mechanics. [27], High efficiency solar panels are a major use of germanium. [23] Before 1945, only a few hundred kilograms of germanium were produced in smelters each year, but by the end of the 1950s, the annual worldwide production had reached 40 metric tons (44 short tons). Starkville Daily News National Championship, Draw the correct Lewis structure for the HCP molecule. It is a white high-melting crystalline solid. After neutralization, only the zinc stays in solution while germanium and other metals precipitate. ). Start your trial now! First week only $4.99! Ge 2 S 3 is available in high purity forms such as sputtering targets, powder, or evaporation materials. These make it especially useful for wide-angle camera lenses, microscopy, and the core part of optical fibers. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. [37] The germanium hydrohalides with one, two and three halogen atoms are colorless reactive liquids. 4. Heterocyclic Heavy Analogues of Carbenes: Structure and Chemical [31] All the tetrahalides are readily hydrolyzed to hydrated germanium dioxide. Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. [69][70] It has replaced titania as the dopant for silica fiber, eliminating the subsequent heat treatment that made the fibers brittle. Mazda Cx 3 Diesel Problems, 3-5-ALD. Start by drawing the compound's Lewis structure. View cookie policy. An unknown error occurred. 1408, 14th Flr. 29 May, 2022 The structure of 1T-M 1 S 2 was refined on the basis of 1T-TiS 2 as host structure. It is a metalloid in the carbon group that is chemically similar to its group neighbors silicon and tin. Size: -60 mesh powder or 1-15mm pieces. It is reduced to the element by reacting it with hydrogen, producing germanium suitable for infrared optics and semiconductor production: The germanium for steel production and other industrial processes is normally reduced using carbon:[68], The major end uses for germanium in 2007, worldwide, were estimated to be: 35% for fiber-optics, 30% infrared optics, 15% polymerization catalysts, and 15% electronics and solar electric applications. GeS 2 is typically used for Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 synthesis and other germanium-containing solid state electrolyte materials. A Lewis structure, or Lewis electron dot diagram describes the bonds between atoms in a covalent molecule, as well as any non-bonding electrons that may exist. Find out the total number of valence electrons in PF3, which is 26. Polygermanescompounds that are similar to alkaneswith formula GenH2n+2 containing up to five germanium atoms are known. Socio de CPA Ferrere. In 1886, Clemens Winkler at Freiberg University found the new element, along with silver and sulfur, in the mineral argyrodite. Solution for Refer to your Lewis structure for GeS2 What are the bond angles found in germanium disulfide? [91], Precautions for chemically reactive germanium compounds, Just as the existence of the new element had been predicted, the existence of the planet, R. Hermann published claims in 1877 of his discovery of a new element beneath, Last edited on 12 February 2023, at 19:33, in relative abundance of the elements in the Earth's crust, Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, "Critical Metals Ga, Ge and In: Experimental Evidence for Smelter Recovery Improvements", "D. I. Mendeleev's concept of chemical elements and, "Mittheilungen ber des Germanium. Lacerta Files Part 3, How many valence electrons are in the molecule? In almost all cases, chemical bonds are formed by interactions of valence electrons in atoms. GERMANIUM DISULFIDE | 12025-34-2 - ChemicalBook First week only $4.99! robert rothschild roasted pineapple and habanero recipes; melrose high school football roster It is six in total, where three valence electrons are needed by the phosphorus atom and one, each by . What is the Molecular Geometry BiF61-close. Cheap Term Paper Writing Service. 17.3.1 Aerogels from Main Group Chalcogenide Clusters and Pt 2+. Description Product Details ALB Materials Inc is a supplier of Germanium Disulfide, GeS2, 99.999% with high quality at competitive price. arrow_forward. [50], Germanium is created by stellar nucleosynthesis, mostly by the s-process in asymptotic giant branch stars. [76] Germanium is the substrate of the wafers for high-efficiency multijunction photovoltaic cells for space applications, such as the Mars Exploration Rovers, which use triple-junction gallium arsenide on germanium cells. Germanium tetrachloride is either hydrolyzed to the oxide (GeO2) or purified by fractional distillation and then hydrolyzed. [31] The unusual compound Ge6Cl16 has been prepared that contains the Ge5Cl12 unit with a neopentane structure. learn. Explain How Examples: H 2 S, NCl 3, OH - Put the least electronegative atom in the center. S has 6 valence electrons and each I atom has 7 valence electrons, for a total of 6 +6 7 = 48 electrons that need to be accounted for. The wave function of a system is a mathematical description of the quantum state of the system. List of Lewis Structures. The bond distance in SeCl2 is ra valence angle <ClSeCl = 99.6(5). 3-5-4.Consider the following partially-drawn structure of 2-butene (C 4 H 8) where only the C atoms are shown: C-C=C-C. 16 In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties from its position on his periodic table, and called the element ekasilicon. Shape: Powder, lump, chunk. Chemical Structure Description The GERMANIUM DISULFIDE molecule contains a total of 2 bond(s) There are 2 non-H bond(s), 2 multiple bond(s) and 2 double bond(s). [1] [2] The compound is a 3-dimensional polymer, [3] [4] in contrast to silicon disulfide, which is a one-dimensional polymer. Particularly, a very hard special antireflection coating of diamond-like carbon (DLC), refractive index 2.0, is a good match and produces a diamond-hard surface that can withstand much environmental abuse. Hybridization of NF3 is Sp. 1 Answer. At standard temperature and pressure it seems to be silvery . [37], The first organogermanium compound was synthesized by Winkler in 1887; the reaction of germanium tetrachloride with diethylzinc yielded tetraethylgermane (Ge(C2H5)4). Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. The Ge-S distance is 2.19 . Germanium powder is an important chemical with a variety of applications. We love our fireplace! The compound is a 3-dimensional polymer, in contrast to silicon disulfide, which is a one-dimensional polymer. Silicon has superior electrical properties, but it requires much greater purity that could not be commercially achieved in the early years of semiconductor electronics. [90], Certain compounds of germanium have low toxicity to mammals, but have toxic effects against certain bacteria. [60][61] The highest concentration ever found was in Hartley coal ash with as much as 1.6% germanium. Download Citation | On Mar 2, 2023, K. V. Arsenyeva and others published HETEROCYCLIC HEAVY ANALOGUES OF CARBENES: STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. Germanium Sulfide (Ge2S3) is a chalcogenide semiconductor with applications in optical glass and electronics. Meny Lukk national monument bank uk; will arnett brothers and sisters Find out the total number of valence electrons in PF3, which is 26. Treatments at 600C and quenching give pure monoclinic compounds isotypic with Ti 3Se 4 and Ti 3Te 4 in narrow ranges of . Germanium disulfide | GeS2 - PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers. During the refinement, difference Fourier synthesis indicated a maximum peak at the 1b (0 0 ) position, which was attributed to the excess of titanium (Ti2) with a refined site occupancy about 0.017(2) leading to a decrease in the residual electronic density. Germanium disulfide | GeS2 - PubChem ch 5 pt Flashcards | Quizlet Join our subscribers list to get the latest news, updates and special offers delivered directly in your inbox. The wave function of a system is a mathematical description of the quantum state of the system. 76Ge is the least common with a natural abundance of approximately 7%. A. [50] When bombarded with alpha particles, the isotope 72Ge will generate stable 77Se, releasing high energy electrons in the process. 2016 - Crown Holiday Lighting - All rights reserved. Their structure closely depends upon thermal conditions of synthesis. [26] From 1950 through the early 1970s, this area provided an increasing market for germanium, but then high-purity silicon began replacing germanium in transistors, diodes, and rectifiers. The dioxide is obtained as precipitate and converted with chlorine gas or hydrochloric acid to germanium tetrachloride, which has a low boiling point and can be isolated by distillation:[67]. Table: Most Common Bonding Patterns for the Nonmetallic Elements Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 4 bonds No lone pairs 3 bonds 1 lone pair 2 bonds 2 lone pairs 1 bond 3 lone pairs on Lewis Dot Diagram For Tellurium. First week only $4.99! [33] It was discovered by German chemist Clemens Alexander Winkler in 1866. Step 1: Count the total number of valence electrons in SiO2. MSE Supplies 99.99% 4N high purity Germanium Disulfide (Germanium Sulfide), GeS2 Powder is less than 325 mesh size (D50 < 10 um). american deli hot wing sauce recipe. See Answer germanium disulfide lewis structure - robodiamond1.com Russia and China used this as a source for germanium. [77] High-brightness LEDs, used for automobile headlights and to backlight LCD screens, are also an important application. 8 June, 2022. close. In the E2core 2a structure (Khan et al., 2014), Cys486 disulfide bonds with Cys620, likely due to deletion of the portion of E2 that includes Cys452, the Cys620 partner. It is especially used as the front optic in thermal imaging cameras working in the 8 to 14micron range for passive thermal imaging and for hot-spot detection in military, mobile night vision, and fire fighting applications. The chalcogenide framework of the aerogels prepared from main group Zintl clusters and Pt 2+ has a colloidal structure and a disordered pore system, similar to that seen in base-catalyzed silica, as exemplified by Pt 2 [Ge 4 S 10] (Figure 17.3) [].Like the GeS x aerogels discussed in Sect. Xiuling Li | Mechanical Science & Engineering | UIUC tutor. The key is to understand the steps and practice. robert rothschild roasted pineapple and habanero recipes; melrose high school football roster The key is to understand the steps and practice. Please try again or contact us. 8 February, 2022. Our main area of expertise is, but not limited to, decorative work including retaining walls, fireplaces, columns, and smokestacks. A locked padlock) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. It is a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors silicon and tin. 5. Description. Germanium ranks near fiftieth in relative abundance of the elements in the Earth's crust. At least one metal selected from Group 10 is deposited on the medium pore zeolite and, optionally on the germanium aluminophosphate (AIPO) or a germanium silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO). [9] Organogermanes of the type R4Ge (where R is an alkyl) such as tetramethylgermane (Ge(CH3)4) and tetraethylgermane are accessed through the cheapest available germanium precursor germanium tetrachloride and alkyl nucleophiles. The Journal of . arrow_forward. Solution for Draw the Lewis Structure of BiF61- 2. Once we know how many valence electrons there are in GeCl4 we can distribute them around the central atom with the goal of filling the outer shells of each atom. [54], Germanium's abundance in the Earth's crust is approximately 1.6ppm. 1, B. [80] In the United States, germanium is not used for polymerization catalysts. At standard temperature and pressure it seems to be silvery . Abstract The paper reviews data reported on the synthesis, molecular and electronic structure of heterocyclic derivatives of low valent silicon, germanium, tin, and lead for the period from 2016 to 2021. Organic germanium hydrides such as isobutylgermane ((CH3)2CHCH2GeH3) were found to be less hazardous and may be used as a liquid substitute for toxic germane gas in semiconductor applications. [63] A recent study found that at least 10,000 t of extractable germanium is contained in known zinc reserves, particularly those hosted by Mississippi-Valley type deposits, while at least 112,000 t will be found in coal reserves. [note 2] However, the name "neptunium" had already been given to another proposed chemical element (though not the element that today bears the name neptunium, which was discovered in 1940). 03/07/2022. Under normal conditions GeI4 is a solid, GeF4 a gas and the others volatile liquids. Skip to the beginning of the images gallery. is germanium oxide ionic or covalent. During the refinement, difference Fourier synthesis indicated a maximum peak at the 1b (0 0 ) position, which was attributed to the excess of titanium (Ti2) with a refined site occupancy about 0.017(2) leading to a decrease in the residual electronic density. In a lewis dot structure the electrons which complete an octet but are not located between two atoms are referred to as A. delta minus electrons B. excess electrons C. filled shells D. bonding pairs E. lone pairs E. Lone pairs The number of valence electrons in the acetic acid molecule (CH3CO2H) is _____ A. Treatments at 600C and quenching give pure monoclinic compounds isotypic with Ti 3Se 4 and Ti 3Te 4 in narrow ranges of . Its melting point is 938 degrees Celsius and boils at 2833 degrees Celsius. Each H atom has a full valence shell of 2 electrons. The germanium is reduced by sodium borohydride to germane (GeH 4 ), stripped from solution by a helium gas stream, and collected in a liquid-nitrogen-cooled trap. It is a 3-dimensional polymer. + Lewis Structures are important to learn because they help us predict: the shape of a molecule. [27][56] Only few of them (especially germanite) are, very rarely, found in mineable amounts. Crystal structures of the tetragonal forms of germanium and silicon disulfide are similar and consist of (SiS 4) 4- and (GeS 4) 4- tetrahedra which share vertices to form three-dimensional networks. Few-Layer to Multilayer Germanium(II) Sulfide: Synthesis, Structure It was discovered by German chemist Clemens Alexander Winkler in 1866. The catalyst is a medium pore germanium zeolite, a germanium aluminophosphate (AIPO) or a germanium silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO). PUGVIEW FETCH ERROR: 403 Forbidden National Center for Biotechnology Information 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA Contact Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health [37] GeS2 forms as a white precipitate when hydrogen sulfide is passed through strongly acid solutions containing Ge(IV). The first step is to determine how many valence electrons SiO2 has. Germanium disulfide (GeS 2) belongs to the group IV layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Two oxides of germanium are known: germanium dioxide (GeO2, germania) and germanium monoxide, (GeO). NF3 lewis dot structure contains 1 lone pair and 3 bonded pairs. Winkler named the element after his country, Germany. Boron Compounds Carbon Boranes Boric Acids Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Nanotubes, Carbon Borates Borohydrides Carbon Isotopes Isotopes Carbon Tetrachloride Disulfides Carbon Disulfide Sulfhydryl Compounds Phenylalanine Radiation-Sensitizing Agents Resin Cements Carbon Boranes Boric Acids Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Nanotubes, Carbon Borates