@keyframes _1tIZttmhLdrIGrB-6VvZcT{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}._3uK2I0hi3JFTKnMUFHD2Pd,.HQ2VJViRjokXpRbJzPvvc{--infoTextTooltip-overflow-left:0px;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:16px;padding:3px 9px;position:absolute;border-radius:4px;margin-top:-6px;background:#000;color:#fff;animation:_1tIZttmhLdrIGrB-6VvZcT .5s step-end;z-index:100;white-space:pre-wrap}._3uK2I0hi3JFTKnMUFHD2Pd:after,.HQ2VJViRjokXpRbJzPvvc:after{content:"";position:absolute;top:100%;left:calc(50% - 4px - var(--infoTextTooltip-overflow-left));width:0;height:0;border-top:3px solid #000;border-left:4px solid transparent;border-right:4px solid transparent}._3uK2I0hi3JFTKnMUFHD2Pd{margin-top:6px}._3uK2I0hi3JFTKnMUFHD2Pd:after{border-bottom:3px solid #000;border-top:none;bottom:100%;top:auto} [Request] How to speak with an authentic Transatlantic accent. A bit of MTV flash editing, a throbbing title track by Bryan Adams . "Standard Speech". <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> This accent is commonly referred to as the "Transatlantic Accent", and it actually has a really interesting history. Gee, this is a great little country you got here, honey. Out of curiosity. ( Sociolinguist William Labov et al. (Fiona swigs her wine. No, youre right, of course. However, following and presumably as a result of the Second World War and its accompanying cultural and demographic changes in the United States, the prestige of Mid-Atlantic accents largely ended by 1950.[18]. .s5ap8yh1b4ZfwxvHizW3f{color:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaText);padding-top:5px}.s5ap8yh1b4ZfwxvHizW3f._19JhaP1slDQqu2XgT3vVS0{color:#ea0027} Read Edith Skinner's Speak With Distinction, a comprehensive guide to learning the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and the "Stage Standard" dialect (also known as Transatlantic, Mid-Atlantic, elevated speech, whatevrurr d00d). Plus a car chase scene. So Mill pops him one whammo! ( By the late fifties, it had all but disappeared. Soon many actors, including Hepburn, were taking elocution classes to train their voices for the big screen. ._3K2ydhts9_ES4s9UpcXqBi{display:block;padding:0 16px;width:100%} What are the main features of the transatlantic accent? - Quora ( [63] Humorist Tom Lehrer lampooned this accent in a 1945 satirical tribute to his alma mater, Harvard University, called "Fight Fiercely, Harvard". Also, watch Jackie Kennedy's White House tour over and over again. Mill goes down the pub goes into a bar, see? An unpracticed, inexperienced Transatlantic voice-over will be detrimental to your production. (Bitterly, with fake Yank accent.) ( It's been a lil while! ]Im$`}{{mGI{QsR+8XC}z\Z\!$Wv?E]6ApdIhq. iB5+'i!6HB9aP15a.j)Z}DHrS `^D]bt%KwY;UZo?hRnPrRdp+5Kyw( 1+](}}F-FQ}N. PEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPAF0q^ xEmy*]DfE0@%A8VXe:e'&ZC-i$ckcJ mf{}:(i&,7Y{$"9>XyF9 ?s4./Un.wf. Mmn)^L+ [45] "Linking r" appears in Roosevelt's delivery of the words "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"; this pronunciation of r is also famously recorded in his Pearl Harbor speech, for example, in the phrase "naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan". Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, 2021(4), 227-245. ", "Philip French's screen legends: Cary Grant", "Lane, Hamlisch among Theater Hall of Fame inductees", "Tom Lehrer Is Not Dead! ), Waynes World. Once you feel comfortable with those changes, keep practicing and you'll be good to go starring in your own 1930's Hollywood-themed porno, or whatever. Oh, That Transatlantic Accent! - Private Club Marketing ( Have you ever watched an old movie and been thrown off by the strange half-British, half-American accents employed by actors in the thirties and forties? w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Look for 'David Allen Stern', he has a bunch of accent-coaching CDs. \ [citation needed] Roscoe Lee Browne, defying roles typically cast for black actors, also consistently spoke with a Mid-Atlantic accent. I had one particularly long sentence that started off transatlantic and finished sounding borderline Scottish. Anderegg, Michael. The Boston accent has brought many an actor to grief, especially these days as films about the city just keep coming. 28 Feb 2023 21:22:43 The Trans-Atlantic accent may have made it difficult to tell what street someone grew up on, but it was probably a street with white picket fences and expensive private schools. Whether you abhor the accent for its woeful pretentiousness or adore its trilling, all-treble sound, I think we can all agree on one thing: the era of the Trans-Atlantic accent gave us some pretty incredible cinema. Youve got to save me from myself. Hollywood studios encouraged actors to learn this accent into the 1940s. . Perfection not expected! The Trans-Atlantic Accent (or the Mid-Atlantic Accent) was a style of speech taught in affluent schools along the East Coast and in Hollywood Film Studios from the late nineteen tens until the mid-forties. video file (mov) BTS Roller Skate Shoot. [8][9][10], In the 19th century and into the early 20th century, formal public speaking in the United States focused primarily on song-like intonation, lengthily and tremulously uttered vowels (including overly articulated weak vowels), and a booming resonance. [7] More recently, the term "mid-Atlantic accent" can also refer to any accent with a perceived mixture of American and British characteristics. And many actors were less than thrilled by the added pressures of vocal performance. British actors who are horrendous at American accents : r/movies - reddit 8 0 obj ( Monologues are presented on MightyActor for educational purposes only . Press J to jump to the feed. As American values changed fundamentally, so did our media. The Transatlantic accent grew out of style following the end of World War II. Copyright [2023] Mighty Actor, DRAMATIC MONOLOGUES FOR TEENS/KIDS (BOYS), DRAMATIC MONOLOGUES FOR TEENS/KIDS (GIRLS), LOVE AND MARRIAGE AND ALL THAT STUFF (SHERRY), FABULATION, OR THE RE-EDUCATION OF UNDINE (UNDINE), JIHAD JONES AND THE KALASHNIKOV BABES (CASSANDRA), MRS. GILHOOLEYS BUNGALOO (MRS. GILHOOLEY), BY FAITH ALONE (MRS. FREDERICK BELMONT-TOWERS), THE LAST DAYS OF JUDAS ISCARIOT (SAINT MONICA). <> and/or watch old black and white movies from the 1930s like shirley temple films. Happy learnin'! [48] Self-help author and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate Marianne Williamson has a unique accent that, following her participation in the first 2020 presidential debate in June 2019,[49][50][51] was widely discussed and sometimes described as a Mid-Atlantic accent. (Sadly.) ), Well, according to our good friend Bernard, WaveLine Productions is a young highbrow, alternative company, looking for arty, intellectual projects., So, just imagine what arty suggestions hell make to enhance my script. In America there was a slightly tweaked version known as the Mid-Atlantic or Transatlantic accent.This was a consciously learned blend of English RP and Standard American popular among boarding schools, actors, and Hollywood.Think of Cary Grant's distinctive plummy tones, or if you prefer a retrospective example, Pete Campbell in Mad Men. Language Mystery: When Did Americans Stop Sounding This Way? Therefore, tense and lax vowels before /r/ are typically only distinguished by the presence/absence of //. .ehsOqYO6dxn_Pf9Dzwu37{margin-top:0;overflow:visible}._2pFdCpgBihIaYh9DSMWBIu{height:24px}._2pFdCpgBihIaYh9DSMWBIu.uMPgOFYlCc5uvpa2Lbteu{border-radius:2px}._2pFdCpgBihIaYh9DSMWBIu.uMPgOFYlCc5uvpa2Lbteu:focus,._2pFdCpgBihIaYh9DSMWBIu.uMPgOFYlCc5uvpa2Lbteu:hover{background-color:var(--newRedditTheme-navIconFaded10);outline:none}._38GxRFSqSC-Z2VLi5Xzkjy{color:var(--newCommunityTheme-actionIcon)}._2DO72U0b_6CUw3msKGrnnT{border-top:none;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaText);cursor:pointer;padding:8px 16px 8px 8px;text-transform:none}._2DO72U0b_6CUw3msKGrnnT:hover{background-color:#0079d3;border:none;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-body);fill:var(--newCommunityTheme-body)} stream Violence? ( (Defensive.) ._12xlue8dQ1odPw1J81FIGQ{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle} Listen to a clip of a Hitchcock movie (or any example of Transatlantic), write out a few phrases, and keep listening and repeating so that you can notate on your piece of text where the changes are from your own native dialect. Differences Between Australian and American English The English language is the world's most widely spoken language. Paul Meier has been teaching British and American dialects, and foreign-language accents, for more than 45 years in the United States and his native England, coaching the biggest names in movies Tobey Maguire and Mark Ruffalo, for example and hundreds of plays, films, and musicals. [14] The related term "boarding-school lockjaw" has also been used to describe the accent once considered a characteristic of elite New England boarding school culture. New York. ( Copyright 2023 ALTA Language Services, All Right Reserved, The Trans-Atlantic Accent: The Rise and Fall of a Hollywood Trend, Language Testing and Proficiency Assessments, Professional, Quality, & Accurate Translation Services, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_accent#cite_note-20, https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/08/the-rise-and-fall-of-katharine-hepburns-fake-accent/278505/, https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/language-mystery-when-did-americans-stop-sounding-this-way/243326/, Stuttering: Symptoms, Causes, and Perspectives in Treatment, Best Non-English-Language Films at the Golden Globes, Target Languages/Specific Regions (if applicable), File Format (e.g. ._2cHgYGbfV9EZMSThqLt2tx{margin-bottom:16px;border-radius:4px}._3Q7WCNdCi77r0_CKPoDSFY{width:75%;height:24px}._2wgLWvNKnhoJX3DUVT_3F-,._3Q7WCNdCi77r0_CKPoDSFY{background:var(--newCommunityTheme-field);background-size:200%;margin-bottom:16px;border-radius:4px}._2wgLWvNKnhoJX3DUVT_3F-{width:100%;height:46px} q)f>9vBb3l419lLBLN H{r)ald7%AUqL}Wq}.=5ICSf U:BY) 9+9DZn9SF1\igPs] pxJ:6zqWazDDjD..D. wzHP*qse@bH/@}^jiK%q@iuIP:tjfMKKAb VnSwd|Z`rKGnthS~UEM d~J.Fy&:q_TW In Frasier, its humorously employed by the snobbish Crane Brothers; in The Hunger Games, its used by Effie Trinket, a haughty, over-the-top member of the superfluous upper-class. ( (Beat.) No wonder they loved Reagan so much, or W.. The following distinctions are examples of this concept: Other distinctions before /r/ include the following: A table containing the consonant phonemes is given below:[75], This article is about the cultivated accent blending American and British English. ", "Why Did Old-Timey Baseball Announcers Talk the Way They Did? Monologues are presented on MightyActor for educational purposes only . ( Transatlantic Accent: Why Did Actors in Old Movies Have Weird Accents? Its release signaled the end of the silent film era and the ushering in of sound films. ._3oeM4kc-2-4z-A0RTQLg0I{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between} The Transatlantic dialect is frequently mistaken for British because of those open vowels as well as a reduction in "r-coloring" - for example, the word "carpenter" will sound like "CAH-pen-teh" (unless the next word begins with a vowel, in which case the r may be elided with that next word). ( [12] His distant cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt also employed a non-rhotic Mid-Atlantic accent,[13] though without the tapped r. In and around Boston, Massachusetts, a similar accent, in the late 19th century and early 20th century, was associated with the local urban elite: the Boston Brahmins. Wealthy or highly educated Americans known for being lifelong speakers of a Mid-Atlantic accent include William F. Buckley Jr.,[19] Gore Vidal, H. P. Lovecraft,[20] Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt, Alice Roosevelt Longworth, Averell Harriman,[21][22] Dean Acheson,[23] George Plimpton,[24][25] Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (who began affecting it permanently while at Miss Porter's School),[26] Louis Auchincloss,[27] Norman Mailer,[28] Diana Vreeland (though her accent is unique, with not entirely consistent Mid-Atlantic features),[29] C. Z. Speech patterns like this ended up helpful for none other than radio communicators. TRANSATLANTIC - Monologue (Fiona) - Mighty Actor Thats a difficult proposition, lets see Oh, I know! The Transatlantic dialect is frequently mistaken for British because of those open vowels as well as a reduction in "r-coloring" - for example, the word "carpenter" will sound like "CAH-pen-teh" (unless the next word begins with a vowel, in which case the r may be elided with that next word). https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/08/the-rise-and-fall-of-katharine-hepburns-fake-accent/278505/ This includes just over half who were raised specifically in New York (most of them New York City) and five of whom were educated specifically at the independent boarding school Groton in Massachusetts: Franklin Roosevelt, Harriman, Acheson, Alsop, and Auchincloss. (Stopped short.) Home Beyond Words The Trans-Atlantic Accent: The Rise and Fall of a Hollywood Trend. "Franklin D. Roosevelt and the American Theatre Standard: The low vowels". If theyre in the film industry theyll ooze Hollywood wherever they live, trust me. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br There, people with years of private school training in r-less pronunciation and switching whs to hws (white or which become hwite and hwich) abounded. East London Accent Monologue. And I cant even find a pair of earrings to match this . And Mill says, Tom, Im an abolitionist, ya wanna make something of it? ( Watch a load of 1940s films. Yet presidents William McKinley of Ohio and Grover Cleveland of Central New York, who attended private schools, clearly employed a non-rhotic, upper-class, Mid-Atlantic quality in their public speeches that does not align to the rhotic accents normally documented in Ohio and Central New York at the time; both men even use the distinctive and especially archaic affectation of a "tapped r" at times when r is pronounced, often when between vowels. The Trans-Atlantic Accent: The Rise and Fall of a Hollywood Trend The Transatlantic accent is not natural but taught. Cant have a sexless marriage, lady. Like them? No! The Transatlantic Accent - Medium It seems to be a mix of a British accent and an American accent from the mid-Atlantic region of the US (sometimes th. video file (mp4) Running/Tennis . Through the success of a couple of breakthrough actors notably lacking the Trans-Atlantic accent including Jimmy Stewart and Humphrey Bogart Americans finally began to see themselves reflected on the big screen. [5] Cary Grant, who arrived in the United States from England at age of sixteen,[62] had an accent that was often considered Mid-Atlantic, though with a more natural and unconscious mixture of both British and American features. This consciously learned accent was a blend of American English . Although most of its speakers including Julia Child, Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt, Jackie Kennedy Onassis, Bette Davis, and Norman Mailer hailed from the Northeastern United States, the accent they shared could hardly be called a regional dialect. right in the kisser. 2015. ( stream Knight, Dudley. Is your language rhotic? "A Midsummer Night in the OC" by D. Tupper McKnight "A modern interpretation of the jealous maiden, Helena's. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who came from a privileged New York City family, has a non-rhotic accent, though it is not an ordinary New York accent; one of Roosevelt's most frequently heard speeches has a falling diphthong in the word fear, which distinguishes it from other forms of surviving non-rhotic speech in the United States. Step One: Drop that R | The Transatlantic Accent How to find out, and whether you should care", "Some Canadians used to speak with a quasi-British accent called Canadian Dainty", "Mid-Atlantic definition and meaning Collins English Dictionary", "mid-Atlantic (adjective) definition and synonyms Macmillan Dictionary", "mid-Atlantic accent meaning of mid-Atlantic accent in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English LDOCE", "On TV, Buckley Led Urbane Debating Club", "How Dean Acheson Won the Cold War: Statesmanship, Morality, and Foreign Policy", New York City Accents Changing with the Times, "Kate Hudson and Gigi Hadid Are All About These Customized Bags", Louis Auchincloss, the Last of the Gentlemen Novelists, With Mailer's death, U.S. loses a colorful writer and character SFGate, Empress of fashion: a life of Diana Vreeland, "The First American Anti-Nazi Film, Rediscovered", "Listen to Samuel Eliot Morison, 1936 - Harvard Voices by Harvard University in Harvard Voices playlist online for free on SoundCloud", The Rise and Fall of Katharine Hepburn's Fake Accent, "Why Did William F. Buckley Jr. talk like that? Janet Barrow writes about the places where language meets history, culture, and politics. In the New York metropolitan area, particularly including its affluent Westchester County suburbs and the North Shore of Long Island, other terms for the local Transatlantic pronunciation and accompanying facial behavior include "Locust Valley lockjaw" or "Larchmont lockjaw", named for the stereotypical clenching of the speaker's jaw muscles to achieve an exaggerated enunciation quality. Is she also the next US president? Lots of actors used to speak in that way to be appealing to audiences in the UK and the US. Now we can all sound like Stewie Griffin! PDF My Fair Lady Audition Monologues - Theatre Cedar Rapids I'm quoting from the Wikipedia article on lingua franca here. Hot Chick. This means that people in the United States were taught to speak in this voice. Something this fellow will respect. Am I overdressing? ( ( ( :tL.0{%gZ>_cl ! ( ._3bX7W3J0lU78fp7cayvNxx{max-width:208px;text-align:center} ( 1 0 obj He's become so famous that people like hearing his actual, sort of transatlantic accent slip through . @keyframes ibDwUVR1CAykturOgqOS5{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}._3LwT7hgGcSjmJ7ng7drAuq{--sizePx:0;font-size:4px;position:relative;text-indent:-9999em;border-radius:50%;border:4px solid var(--newCommunityTheme-bodyTextAlpha20);border-left-color:var(--newCommunityTheme-body);transform:translateZ(0);animation:ibDwUVR1CAykturOgqOS5 1.1s linear infinite}._3LwT7hgGcSjmJ7ng7drAuq,._3LwT7hgGcSjmJ7ng7drAuq:after{width:var(--sizePx);height:var(--sizePx)}._3LwT7hgGcSjmJ7ng7drAuq:after{border-radius:50%}._3LwT7hgGcSjmJ7ng7drAuq._2qr28EeyPvBWAsPKl-KuWN{margin:0 auto} To give you an actual definition, though, the transatlantic accent is an acquired accent developed during the 1930-40s for the use of theater, film, and radio programs. Hes all charm, and bluff good fellowship. ( endobj q&=;M>1,c\ {esc==RJD#cqPI"iuMqk8N=9vIcca#%6hG=Cr[jidrm\qjz}-uZZgeKD George Clooney famously botched it in Perfect Storm, but not as badly as Kevin Costner did in 13 Days. 1. However, when preceded by a short vowel, the // is elided. How might some one Google search that? Jessie Pettit - mandy.com What is the matter with my hair? Hire Transatlantic Voice Actors Online | Voquent . Historically Transatlantic speech was the hallmark of aristocratic . ", "American Horror Story Just Gave Us a Glimpse of Leonardo DiCaprios Next Big Role", "Language Mystery: When Did Americans Stop Sounding This Way? [47] The clipped, non-rhotic English accents of George Plimpton and William F. Buckley Jr. were vestigial examples. In a Mid-Atlantic accent, the postvocalic /r/ is typically either dropped or vocalized. A linguistic prescriptivist, he boldly labeled World English a class-based accent. In other words, it was meant to be used as a marker of an educated, cultivated, or cultured person. She starts using the Transatlantic accent at the 2:12 . It was meant to sound like a blend of American and British English in order "for actors to have a . (Fake Yank accent.) <>>>/BBox[ 0 0 861.96 873.45] /Matrix[ 0.083531 0 0 0.082431 0 0] /Filter/FlateDecode/Length 71>> It is not a native or regional accent; rather, according to voice and drama professor Dudley Knight, "its earliest advocates bragged that its chief quality was that no Americans actually spoke it unless educated to do so". Im not trying to look lovely. and Ive got to impress some Yank b*stard, and sell my soul to coax money out of him. [46], After the accent's decline following the end of World War II, this American version of a "posh" accent has all but disappeared even among the American upper classes, as Americans have increasingly dissociated from the effete speaking styles of the East Coast elite;[13] if anything, the accent is now subject to ridicule in American popular culture. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. [52] An article from The Guardian, for example, stated that Williamson "speaks in a beguiling mid-Atlantic accent that makes her sound as if she has walked straight off the set of a Cary Grant movie. @0c }YEO! E/N}i['q[&Kc2pdGo3iDk\l:wiLDap1*OipLgo(_P@eQd> D+_nfsyf&[lnvfs%>CT2o@tXBIj u/Xf*Kh67uXG~nV+jkY0SCgA75M 6 0 obj Although it has disappeared as a standard of high society and high culture, the Transatlantic accent has still been heard in some media in the second half of the 20th century, or even more recently, for the sake of historical, humorous, or other stylistic reasons: The Mid-Atlantic accent was carefully taught as a model of "correct" English in American elocution classes,[6] and it was also taught for use in the American theatre prior to the 1960s, after which it fell out of vogue. When she quotes him, she lapses into a fake American accent again. After two years in Lima, Peru, she recently moved to Chicago. Always make sure the breath is properly supported by the diaphragm, and the jaw is REALLY dropped/relaxed enough for the breath to fully resonate through those nice, open vowels. [56] She vigorously drilled her students in learning the accent at the Carnegie Institute of Technology and, later, the Juilliard School. <> As a result of nervously blurting out her lines again and again, she was fired from her first production in 1928. No . Just sit tight. The Rise and Fall of Katharine Hepburn's Fake Accent See further in the bullet list below. <> Yes, you would do, wouldnt you. Instead, the Transatlantic accent has always been the speech of the elites, kind of like RP English in the United Kingdom. By the mid-forties, though, Americans were no longer buying the neutrality argument. ", "Marianne Williamson Explains Her Magical Thinking", "Marianne Williamson's Weirdest, Most Wonderful Debate Moments", "Marianne Williamson connects in a way that regular pols can't, like Trump", "Marianne Williamson is a superstar in the world of woo. [48], Examples of actors known for publicly using this accent include Tyrone Power,[58] Bette Davis,[58] Katharine Hepburn,[59] Laird Cregar, Vincent Price (who also went to school in Connecticut),[60][3] Christopher Plummer,[3] Sally Kellerman, Tammy Grimes,[61] and Westbrook Van Voorhis. They go on to have wild, crazy, Technicolor sex! ( A bit of shagging, of course. Do your best with the dialects! 183K views 2 years ago Female voice over talent, Susannah Kenton, nails the elusive Mid-Atlantic/Transatlantic accent, aka Neutral English, Global, Non-regional, European English,. Are you sure you dont want to ask Sharon to stay and serve? If you're really serious about learning a new dialect, learn IPA. 10 0 obj The Mid-Atlantic accent, or Transatlantic accent, [1] [2] [3] is a consciously learned accent of English, fashionably used by the late 19th-century and early 20th-century American upper class and entertainment industry, which blended together features regarded as the most prestigious from both American and British English (specifically Received Rosa's Roses: Reduced Vowels in American English, Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary: Pronunciation Guide, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 13:58, "That Weirdo Announcer-Voice Accent: Where It Came From and Why It Went Away. TRANSATLANTIC Accent Tutorial (British perspective) - YouTube When she says Bernard, she pronounces it the British way: BUH-nud. We cant put it off, theyll suppose were incompetent, what do you think? 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