Eth (//, uppercase: , lowercase: ; also spelled edh or e), known as t in Old English,[1] is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called edd), Khmer and Elfdalian. Virtual Keyboard enables you to substitute for the keyboard of your machine a keyboard chosen among the 230 keyboards available. Ripuarian, Just select your language preference and youre ready to rock! In the table below, is the option key, so -e means hold down the option key and press e. Note that the dead key and hold-to-select-alt methods produce single, precomposed characters whereas the combining character method produces two separate characters: the base plus a combining diacritic. On Windows 10, it can also be inserted into text via the symbol menu, presented by using Windows+;, then selecting Symbols, associated with the Omega () character, and then selecting Latin Symbols, associated with the C-cedilla () character. Old Norse would not have sounded exactly like any language spoken today, even Icelandic. Old Norse, Thor often goes to Gianthome and slays many giants there with the hammer. old norse keyboard In the Icelandic alphabet, follows d. In Faroese, is not assigned to any particular phoneme and appears mostly for etymological reasons, but it indicates most glides. It works like the keyboards on older cellphones that had no touchscreens, when all the buttons were still concentrated in a small space. Note: Another option is to insert them via the Character Viewer/Palette. Once youve downloaded the file to your PC, just unzip it, open it up and click on the setup application. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). Many modern texts use American style quotes, but if you wish to include European style quote marks, here are the codes. Monday - in honor of Mani, Norse god of the moon and brother to Sunna. 450-1100)-language text, Articles containing Icelandic-language text, Articles containing Nynorsk-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, A capital eth is used as the currency symbol for, This page was last edited on 1 February 2023, at 10:44. This spirit motivates all of our publications, as we expand our catalogue to include Viking archaeology and history, as well as Scandinavian historical fiction and our Saga Series. The Runic Alphabet was made for carving in stone, but you can use an Icelandic keyboard or why not an ordinary English one, using the Latin letters to write down their form of Norse since Middle English times, when writing was done in Latin and French mostly, and less in Old English and Norse. These languages are grouped together aside from the other Mainland Scandinavian languages of Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and the non-Germanic language Finnish because their writing systems maintain special characters, particularly thorn () and eth (). Vikings came from Scandinavia and spoke a language called Old Norse. Norwegian, Filters. rr heitir ss, ok er sterkr mjk ok oft reir. He has a good hammer. How do I type Norse letters on an English keyboard? Old Norse Origin Names - Behind the Name activate the U.S. international keyboard. This tribal font is meant to be used for headlines, titles, logos, posters, etc. This vocabulary adopts the Icelandic convention of using the pronoun einnhverr meaning somebody [sb] and eitthvat meaning something [sth] to indicate which case is used with particular verbs: [e-n] (einhvern) = somebody [sb] acc[e-t] (eitthvat) = something [sth] acc[e-m] (einhverjum) = (for) [sb] dat [e-u] (einhverju) = (for) [sth] dat[e-s] (einhvers) = (of) [sb] or [sth] gen. 1. Means "old age" in Old Norse. Sunday - honoring Sunna, Norse goddess of the sun. Some liberties have been taken with the English definitions to facilitate sorting them in a usable order. Old Norse text provided by a Magistri Old Norse Tutor, A recording of this text by Matthew Leigh Embleton. Old Norse was the language spoken by the Vikings, and the language in which the Eddas, sagas, and most of the other primary sources for our current knowledge of Norse mythology were written. Thor also has a carriage that flies. halda vb (VII)[w dat] to hold; keep, retain; halda undan fly, flee; halda sveit hold command over a troop; halda upp hold up; halda vi [e-m] stand or hold against [sth]; haldask mid hold out, last, remain in force [such as a judgement], Halla f Halla (personal name), Halland n Halland, Denmark (place name), now part of Sweden, Hallgerr f Hallgerd (personal name), Hallkatla f Hallkatla (personal name), hallr adj leaning, sloping; hallr gngu stooped, walking with a stoop, Hallvarr <-s> m Hallvard (personal name), hamarr m hammer, hamr m skin, shape, hann pron he, Haraldr <-s> m Harald (personal name); Haraldr bltnn Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark (958987); Haraldr harri Harald the Ruthless, Norwegian King (10451066); Haraldr hrfagri Harald Fairhair (also Haraldr lfa Harald Shaggyhair) Norwegian king who reigned from ca. Dutch, Additional options for entering accents in Windows are also listed in the Accents section of this Web site. Note: all links on this site to Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk and Amazon.fr are affiliate links. penningr m coin, penny; piece of property, article, Ragnarr <-s> m Ragnarr/Ragnar (personal name); Ragnarr lobrkkr (also Lobrk) Ragnar Shaggy/hairy -breeches, a legendary Viking chieftain of the 9th century; see lobrkkr, ragnark(k)r <-rs> n Ragnarok, the twilight of the gods, the worlds end (also ragna rk n pl doom of the gods; see rk), Ragnfrr <-s> m Ragnfrod (personal name), Ragnhildr f Ragnhild (personal name), Ragnvaldr <-s> m Ragnvald (personal name), ragr adj effeminate, cowardly, (passively) homosexual, rammr adj strong; mighty, powerful; rammr at afli extremely strong, Rangrvellir m pl Rangarvellir (place name) Rang River Plains, rangr adj crooked, unjust; wrong, false, Rannveig <-ar> f Rannveig (personal name), Ratatoskr (also Ratatskr) <-s> m Ratatosk, squirrel that carries insults between Nhggr and the eagle, raur adj red (frequently as a descriptor for gold), Raumarki n Raumariki (place name) Romerike. Every font is free to download! In Icelandic, , called "e", represents a voiced dental fricative [], which is the same as the th in English that, but it never appears as the first letter of a word. The three best-known alphabets are the Elder Futhark (150-800 CE), the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc (400-1100 CE) and the Younger Futhark (800-1100 CE). Specify in the selection box to the bottom of the virtual keyboard, your keyboard key mapping to be able to use it to input your text. When there is a change in the stem from present to past, the Vocabulary provides the forms in full: spyrja vb toask. For over a century, the Vikings controlled most of Eastern England, before being pushed back into the North-East of the country by King Alfred the Great . The lowercase (minuscule) version has retained the curved shape of a medieval scribe's d, which d itself in general has not. When appears before r, it is in a few words pronounced []. Shift+Option+. The Norse Runes - Skald's Keep $65 (0) Sold out. For example, kalla <-a-> vb to call. Omniglot is how I make my living. Volunteer your language skills f. [6], U+1D06 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL ETH is used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.[7]. Note that these codes may not work in older browsers. Moreover, a mere table would not be enough to write in Old Norse with runes, it takes a whole tutorial to learn how to do that the way it might have been done on a Viking Age runestone ca. More than 230 keyboards and 100 countries ! Let's find out! Ten Norse Mythology Facts You Need to Know Neither nor were found in the earliest records of Old English. Danish, On ChromeOS with 'extended keyboard' Chrome extension, AltGr+D will result in being displayed; Shift+AltGr+D will result in . Lingua Franca. $5 (0) in stock. English, C, q, w and z were used only in loanwords and foreign names. Thor) , you would type Þór. These numbers are also used with the Word Numeric ALT codes listed above. 5 Best Old Norse Translator Apps for Android & iOS Once the U.S. International keyboard has been activated, you can use the codes below. These fonts also usually contain long vowels ,,,,.These fonts include: Many fonts also contain the Old Norse (o-ogonek) character. The Old Norse dictionary below (from Viking Language 1) compiles everything you need to read the sagas in their original language. Hann ekr vagninum um himininn. Bauer Neoprene Pads. Old & Middle English, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Old Nordic, Ogham, Elder Fuark: ( ) Old Norse : Department of Scandinavian, UC Berkeley much like 'qwerty-keyboards' got its name from the top left letters of the keyboard. Read here about ONP's: history, printed publications, orthography, user's guide, abbreviations and symbols. Icelandic Roots | Icelandic Keyboard and Alphabet The modern language most closely related to Old Norse is Icelandic, the written form of which has changed little over the years, while the spoken form has undergone significant changes. Because I didn't . You can switch to the Unicode Hex Input keyboard and use these Option numeric codes. 38. Numbers | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXCxNFxw6iq-Mh4uIjYvufg/videos, Online Old Norse texts and manuscripts http://www.svenska.gu.se/~svekgj/wormianus.html (On Windows 10 machines, thats WINDOWSKEY+SPACE. Their original meanings are nothing more than the educated guesses of historians and archaeologists. The alphabetical order is: a, , b, d, , e, , f, g, h, i, , j, k, l, m, n, o, , p, r, s, t, u, , v, y, , x, z, , , , /. Documents The earliest documents from the Scandinavian speaking area are runic insciptions. See the detailed instructions on the ALT Code How To for complete information on implementing the code. Norn, 37. Norse Mythology Symbols and Meanings - VikingsBrand The Poetic Edda: Stories of the Norse Gods and Heroes (Paperback) by. Aalrr konungr m King thelred II (the unready) of England, af prep [w dat] from; out of, of, by; off (of); with; adv off, away, afbrag n outstanding example; afbrag eira manna allra the most outstanding of all those men, afbrigi n deviation, transgression, offense, afl n physical strength, might, power; rammr at afli extremely strong, afreksmar m outstanding or exceptional man, afskipta adj indecl cheated; cut off (as from inheritance), aka vb (VI) to drive, ala vb (VI) togive birth to; bring up, raise (children), aldr <-rs, -rar> m age; lifetime; old age; long period of time; vera vi aldr be on in years, old, alin f Old Icelandic ell (about half a yard); unit of value, typically of woolen cloth, alla str m acc pl, f acc sg; wk m acc/dat/gen sg, f acc sg, n all sg of allr, Al(l)fr (also Alfair and Alfr) <-s> m All-father, father of all, Odin, allr adj pron all, entire, whole, all over, allt adv completely, entirely; everywhere; allt til Orkneyja all the way to the Orkney Islands; allt til ess right up to that point; allt upp undir right up under, almenning (also almenningr, m) f common land, pasture; general public; conscription, ala f all the people, the majority of the people, the public, the common people, ambtt (also ambtt) f handmaid, maidservant, annarr adj/pron one of two, other, another; ord second; annarr annarr conj one the other; different, aptann m evening, aptr adv back, again, argr adj cowardly, effeminate, (passively) homosexual, Ari <-a> m Ari (personal name) Ari fri Ari the Learned, armr adj poor, unfortunate, unhappy; vile, wretched, wicked, askr <-s, -ar> m ash, ash tree; ash spear; small ship; the great ash tree, Yggdrasill, Assurr (also zurr) <-s> m Assur (personal name), at prep [w dat] at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, atall adj fierce, aggressive, Atall <-s> m Atal, name of a Viking (personal name), atburr <-ar, -ir> m occurrence, event; af essum atburi because of this incident, atgrvif and n ability, talent, accomplishment; at atgrvi in ability (esp physical), atgrvimar (also atgervimar) m man of accomplishments, atlaga f attack; laying ships alongside for attack, atrr m rowing towards, rowing against, augari comp adj of auigr richer, wealthier, augastr superl of auigr richest, wealthiest, auigr (also auugr) adj rich, wealthy; auigr at f wealthy, auka vb (VII) toincrease, augment; [w dat] add; exceed, surpass, ausa vb (VII) topour, sprinkle; ausa [e-n]/[e-t] [e-m] sprinkle [sb/sth] with [sth]; ausa bt bail a boat, Austmar (pl Austmenn) m person from the east, Norwegian, austr <-rs, superl austastr> n east; adv eastward, austrfr f (usu in pl) travels to the east, Austri m Austri (personal name)East, one of the dwarves holding the sky, Austrlnd n pl the eastern lands; eastern Europe; Russia and the Orient, austrvegr <-s, -ir> m the east, i.e., the Baltic, lit the eastern way; fara austrveg trading or raiding in the Baltic or journeying east and south down the rivers of Russia, auvirismar m worthless wretch, wretched man, prep [w acc] onto, on, towards (motion); with respect to; [w dat] on; upon; at; in (position); morgun tomorrow, r adv before; already; earlier; r en conj before, until, gtr adj excellent, grip n collection, compendium; ltill gripum small of size, kafliga adv exceedingly, very; vehemently, impetuosly, lim Ali (personal name); old shortening for leifr~lfr, lptanes n Alptanes (place name), Swans Headland, rsll adj fortunate as to the seasonal harvest; allra konunga rslstr of all kings the most harvest-fortunate, rslstr superl adj of rsll most fortunate in the harvest, rvnn adj promising a good seasonal harvest, sbjrn m Asbjorn (personal name), sgarr m Asgard, home, residence or fortress of the gods, sgerr f Asgerd (personal name), sj f help, aid, protection; inspection; appearance, shape, ss m god; sir pl one of the two major groups of gods, st f love, affection (frequently used in plural with same meaning), strr <-ar> f Astrid (personal name) Estrid, tt 2sg pres of eiga; ppart of eiga (n nom/acc sg), tta num eight, t(t)jn num eighteen, valt (also of allt) adv alwaysvanr adj only in n and the phrase [e-s] er vant [sth] is wanted, needed, Balli (also Baldi) m Balli (personal name), band band, cord; the act of binding; pl bands, fetters; poet gods, bardagi m fight, battle; beating, thrashing, bar n brim of a helmet or hat; verge or edge of a hill; prow of a ship, barr n foliage, often needles (of pine, etc. http://etext.old.no, Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (Ordbog over det norrne prosasprog) Alsatian, papi m pope; priest; name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived. 860930; Klakk-Haraldr Klakk-Harald, harr adj hard, difficult, severe. Here, a linguist who specializes in Old Norse gives a window into ho. Cimbrian, On Microsoft Windows, eth can be typed using the alt code .mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:#f9f9f9;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#eee,#f9f9f9,#eee);color:#000;padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}Alt+(0240) for lowercase or Alt+(0208) for uppercase, or by typing AltGr+d using the US International keyboard layout. http://www.snerpa.is/net/ mankai duckweed amazon; mushroom spores washington state. 5. Vikings used old runic letters during the settlement period and it was only after their Christianization that they adopted the Latin alphabet. Faroese, I got tired of looking for a keyboard installation for typing Anglo-Saxon runes in Junicode, so I made one. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Thursday - Thor 's Day, in honor of the god of thunder and the sky. Old Norse was a North Germanic language once spoken in Scandinavia, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and in parts of Russia, France and the British Isles and Ireland. Svipul (Old Norse), meaning 'varying'. 2. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. The app includes custom installable font that improves runes look & readability. IN STOCK NOW. Frisian (East), Wort dahliha bro gif os i dah. Today the Icelandic Alphabet contains 36 letters and is a combination of the Roman Alphabet (without the c, q, and w) and with a few Runic characters. This course is an introduction to the religion of the Vikings as it is recorded in Old Norse and Scandinavian literature from the medieval period. [2] Another source indicates that the letter is "derived from Irish writing".[3]. 10 Old Norse Words You Didn't Know You Knew - Approaching Epic The Old Norse Language and How to Learn It Type t= for . Alt + click a button to copy a singl This is a work of data transcription, conversion, combination and formatting, with only a minor amount of . Frisian (Saterland), This is a list of Germanic deities that are in Norse mythology . While Old Norse was the language that connected the people of Scandinavia during the Viking Age, the international nature of the Nordic countries at that time would have required polyglots they didn't always raid first and ask questions later. Icelandic and Faroese are Scandinavian languages descended from Old Norse. Anglo-Saxon runic keyboard layout | Slouching Towards Extimacy Swiss German, Use these codes to input accented letters in HTML. In this game, you will be able to solve two problems: study Old Norse, as well as translate words. Rune Keyboard | Heathen Designs For the cryptocurrency, see, IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters, IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters, "Chapter 25: Typography and the printed English text", "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS", "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS", List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eth&oldid=1136830250, Articles containing Old English (ca. However, Old Norse is also used more narrowly as a label for the language we find in Norwegian and Icelandic manuscripts, which date from the . rr ferr oft til Jtunheima ok vegr ar marga jtna me hamrinum. Note: These work only in Word 2003+ for Windows. Oh forlat os uora skuldar so som oh ui forlate em os skuldihi are. Older versions might use ALT+SHIFT. to type rr (i.e. From the Old Norse name Eileifr, which was derived from the elements ei "ever, always" and leif "inheritance, legacy". The first application is fully devoted to Old Norse. Runic inscriptions, which include our oldest sources of Old Norse, are widely attested in the North Germanic linguistic area. In the Faroese alphabet, follows d. In Olav Jakobsen Hyem's version of Nynorsk based on Trndersk, was always silent, and was introduced for etymological reasons. Fwendly_Mushwoom 7 yr. ago 3/4 " and other gibberish. angle to any point on the mountain home vintage long wool coat, size s $ add to cart detailsMouse pad Large Mouse Mat Mouse pad Mouse Pad Desk Mat Simple Nordic Landscape Larg The majority of these inscription have been found in Denmark and Sweden, and they are written in a language much more archaic than Old Norse. Viking Language 1 and 2 are the authoritative guides to learning Old Norse, opening a world of sagas, Eddas, and runes. This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. Jules William Press was founded in 2013 to address the needs of modern students, teachers, and self-learners for accessible and affordable Old Norse texts. Once you download and install Big Old Keyboard, you'll have to select it as your default. Anonymous. Old Norse was a North Germanic language once spoken in Scandinavia, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and in parts of Russia, France and the British Isles and Ireland. google_ad_client = "pub-9241470791040687"; For instance, if you want http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/~jmag0042/alphabet.html, Afrikaans, 23 Best Norse Fonts (Viking, Rune, and Nordic-Style Fonts) Junicode Font Palemonas MUFI- Comprehensive and Includes bold/Italic Quivira Font- Also very comprehensive Andron Scriptor Web MUFI Fonts Page Windows ALT Codes If you have a vintage computer and want to pair it with a compatible old keyboard, or if you simply like the mechanical feel of these typing accessories, you can look for affordable PC peripherals on eBay. In Glosbe you will find translations from English into Old Norse coming from various sources. For the more unusual Old Norse manusciript characters (not all of which are listed here), you may need a specialized font such as the ones listed below. Because thorn (/) eth (,) are used in modern Icelandic, many common fonts listed below already contain these characters. Old Norse is a catch-all term for Old Icelandic, Old Norwegian, Old Swedish, Old Danish, and Old Gotlandic, though it is often used as a synonym for Old Icelandic because the majority of documents come from this region. Where Thor drives there is storm. ), Barreyjar f pl Barra Isle in the Outer Hebrides, batna <-a-> vb (1) to improve; impers [e-m] batnar one recovers, bauzt 2sg past mid of bja; bauztu = bauzt + , bir adj pron dual both, Blki Blingsson m Balki Blingsson (personal name), Brr <-ar> m Bard (personal name); Brr svarti Bard the Black; Brarson Bards son, bein(n), beit ppart of bija or ba (nom sg), beia vb (2) [w gen] to ask, beg; beia [e-n] [e-s] ask [sb] for [sth]; beiask mid ask for, request on ones own behalf, beiskr adj bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated; painful, sore, bekkr m bench, belgr m pelt, skin of an animal (taken off whole); skin-bag; bellows, bella defective vb [w dat] to hit, hurt, bella <-di, -tr> vb (2)[w dat] to venture (into), bera vb (IV) to bear, carry; give birth; bera saman collect; compare; bera um carry about; bera rendi sn (upp) fyrir [e-n] plead ones case before [sb]; tell ones errand [sb], berja vb (3) to strike, beat; berjask mid fight, berr adj naked, bare; unsheathed (of a sword), berserksgangr <-s> m fury of a berserker, going berserk, beysta vb (2) to bruise, beat. Mjlnir - a tribal font inspired by the nordic runes and the viking era. Tuerai 7 yr. ago This works for me, but ONLY typed inside CK2, pasting it always pastes the wrong characters for me. Introduction to Old Norse - University of Texas at Austin Old Norse - the Viking language | Can speakers of modern Norwegian, Danish and Icelandic understand it? In Stock; Keyboards; . Old Norse For Modern Times (Vikingverse) - amazon.com switch to the Unicode Hex Input keyboard, The Pennsylvania State University 2000-2018, RightAlt+Z, Shift+RightAlt+Z (You must use the Alt key on the right). Big Old Keyboard is, as its name indicates, a large, old-school keypad for Android devices. Using the compose key ("multi key") which is popular on Linux, eth can be typed by typing Compose D H for lowercase or Compose Shift+D Shift+H for capital letters. Alli mnn eu borni frlsi ok iafni at viringu ok rettum. Bauer Replacement Feet . Click to find the best 25 free fonts in the Norse style. Wednesday - honoring Odin (also given as Woden) king of the gods. Luxembourgish, travels, abroad, cybercaf, mail, email, messages, PC, computer, keyboard. In Windows, combinations of the ALT key plus a numeric code from the number keypad can be used to type a non-English character in any Windows application. ; indef pron each, every, all; geyja at hverjum manni, bark at each man, hvert adv to where, whither; hvert er whithersoever, hvetja vb (3) to whet, sharpen; encourage, hvtr adj white, hyggja vb (3) to think, believe; hyggja at [e-u] look at, consider [sth], hylja vb (3) to bury, cover over, conceal, hide, Hyrrokkin f Hyrrokkin, a giantess killed by Thor, htta <-tti, -tt> vb [w dat] (2) to risk, stake, hgri comp adj of hgr right; on the right; the right hand, hla <-di, hlt> vb (4) [w dat] to praise, flatter, boast of, hfingi m leader; chieftain; captain, hfn f holding, possession; harbor, hfu n head, hgg n blow, stroke, chop; beheading, execution, hggva vb (VII) to strike (a blow), chop, hack, hew, hggvi 3sg/pl subjunct of hggva; dat sg of hgg, hll f hall, hnd f hand; af hendi [e-s] on behalf of [sb], Hra-Kntr <-s> m Horda-Knut (personal name), Hskuldsstair m pl Hoskuldsstadir Hoskulds Farmstead (place name), Httr m Hott (personal name) Hood (the Masked One), illa adv badly, ill, illr adj bad, evil, Ingibjrg f Ingibjorg (personal name); Ingibjrg Hrgeirsdttir ins hvta Ingibjorg, daughter of Hrodgeir the White, Ingjaldr <-s> m Ingjald (personal name); Ingjaldr tryggvi Ingjald the True, inn adv in, into (motion toward), inna <-ti, -tr> relate, tell; inna til [e-s] make mention of [sb], innan prep [w gen] within; inside, indoors; innan adv from within, outward, innanlands adv within the land, at home (as opposed to abroad), prep [w acc] into (motion); during (time); [w dat] in, within, at (position), jafna <-a-> vb (1) to smooth, even out, tidy, trim; make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna [e-u] til [e-s] liken [sth] to [sth], jafnberr adj equally exposed, naked, or unprotected, jafndjpvitr adj as deep-witted, as deep-scheming, as resourceful, Jafnhr m Just-as-High, one of three interrogators of King Gylfi, jartegn n token, evidence, proof (of a thing), Jfrr f Jofrid (personal name), jl n pl Yule, Yuletide, great midwinter feast in heathen times, later applied to Christmas, Jtland n Jutland (place name); Jtlandshaf Jutland Sea, Kattegat, jkull m glacier; ice; icicle, jr f earth; land, ground, Jr f Earth, as goddess and mother of Thor, JrmungandrmJormungand, name of the Midgard Serpent, the world serpent, jtunn m giant, kaall m cable, twisted rope, kala vb (VI) impers [w acc] to freeze, kanna <-a-> vb (1) to search, explore, find out about; to know, recollect; kannask vi [e-t] recognize [sth], karl <-s, -ar> m man; old man; orsteinn karl old Thorstein, old man Thorstein, Kri Slmundarson m Kari Solmundarson (personal name), kenna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to know, recognize; feel; attribute; teach, kennimar <-manns, -menn> m priest, cleric; lit teacher, ketill m kettle, cauldron, pot, Kjallandi f Kjallandi, a giant killed by Thor, kjsa vb (VII) to choose, Kjtvi m Kjotvi (personal name); Kjtvi inn augi Kjotvi the wealthy, klaka <-a-> vb (1) to titter, chatter (as birds), Klakk-Haraldr <-s> m Klakk-Harald (personal name), KlifshagimKlifshagi (place name), Cliff Meadow, klfa vb (I)to climb, kljfa vb (II) to cleave, split, kn defective pret-pres vb tobe able to, can; could, kneyfa <-i, -r> vb (2) to drink in large gulps, Kntr <-s> m Knut (personal name); Kntr inn rki, King Canute the Great, knja vb (3) to knock (at the door); press, urge on, compel, force; knjask mid struggle on, knrr m ship; merchant vessel, koma vb (IV) to come; koma at come to, arrive; koma at [e-u] come across, arrive at [sth]; koma samt me eim they agreed; koma endr at regain; komask mid make ones way, kostr m choice; opportunity; match; state, condition; cost, expense; at rum kosti else, otherwise, krs f delicacy, dainty (of food), krefja vb (3) to crave, claim, demand; krefja [e-t] [e-s] demand [sth] of [sb], krjpa vb (II) to creep; crouch, Krossavk f Krossavik, Cross Bay or Inlet, presumably an inlet where a cross was erected, a farmstead, kumbl n burial monument, mound or cairn (frequently used on Danish and Swedish rune stones in the plural), kunna pret-pres vb to know, understand; to be able orcan do sth, know how to; feel (an emotion), kunnigr adj known; wise; versed in magic, kussari m corsair (corsairs were pirates who operated along the Barbary Coast of North Africa), kvnga <-a-> vb cause (a man) to marry; kvngask mid marry (of a man), take a wife, kvngar ppart of kvnga(m nom sg), married (of a man), kvea vb (V) to speak, say; recite verse; kvea fix, determine; kvea vi reply; kveask mid say of oneself; declare, kveld n evening; at kveldi at nightfall, kvelda <-a-> vb (1) [impers] to become evening, Kveld-lfr <-s> m Kveld-Ulf, Night Wolf (personal name); Kveld-lfsson Son of Kveld-Ulf, kyn n kin; kindred, family descent group, kr f cow, krtr m short, stocky man (nickname), kttr m cat, landnmsmar m settler, lit land-take-man (the term refers to both women and men), landsmar m countryman, inhabitant or native of a country, landsrttr m the law of the land, customary rights, langeldar m pl long fires (down the middle of a hall), langfegar m pl forefathers, ancestors (through the fathers line), langr adj long (of distance and time), Laufey f goddess, known only as mother of Loki, laug f bath; hot spring, lausafnmovable property, chattels, possessions, as opposed to lands or even to land and cattle, lausung f lying, falsehood, Laxrdalr m Laxardal, Salmon River Valley, lta vb (VII) to let, allow, permit; put, place, set; behave; lta fram let go, yield, hand over; lta sem pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if; [w infin] have something done; ppart dead, deceased, leggja vb (3) to lay, place, put; appoint, fix; stab, thrust; leggja impose; leggja fr withdraw; leggja spnu smash into pieces; leggja til attack (by stabbing); leggja til baraga attack; leggja til [e-s] me [e-u] attack [sb] with [sth]; leggja undir sik conquer; lfit leggja lay down ones life; leggjask mid lay, set oneself; leggjask [e-t] prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc), fall upon, attack [sth]; leggjask nir lay oneself down; leggjask t set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw), leggr <-jar, -ir> m leg; leggr ok lir every limb, leifa <-i, -r> vb (2) to leave, leave as heritage; to leave behind, abandon, relinquish, leika vb (VII) to play; leika sr play, leita <-a-> vb (1) [w gen] to seek, search for; proceed on a journey, leka vb (IV) to drip, dribble, leak, lemja vb (3) to maim, lendr adj describes one who has received a grant of land from a king, landed; lendr mar landholder, lengi adv long, for a long time, lengr comp adv of lengilonger (time), for a longer time, lengra comp adv of lengi longer (distance), farther, lengst superl adv longest, for the longest time, lesa vb (V) to gather; read, leyfa <-i, -r> vb (2) [w dat] to permit, allow, leyna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to hide, conceal; leynask mid hide oneself, be concealed; leynask burt steal away, leave, Lttfeti m Light-Foot (mythological name) horse of the sir and jtunn name, lir m joint, lifa <-i, lifat> vb (4) to live; to be left; to burn, to be lively (of fire); to kindle; lifa vi [e-t] to live on [sth], feed on [sth], liggja vb (V) to lie; be situated, Livsteinn <-s> m Livstein (personal name), la vb (I) to pass (usu of time); la at draw toward (of time); sem lei at jlum as time passed toward Yule, lf (also lfi) n life; lfit leggja lay down ones life, lka <-a-> vb (1) impers [w dat subj] to like, be pleasing (to one), lknsamastr superl adj of lknsamr most merciful, lkr adj like, resembling; probable; promising, lna f bowline, rope; line; bridal veil, (see also ln), Lnakradalr <-s> m Linakradale (place name), Valley of Linen Fields, lta vb (I) to look; lta [e-t] look at [sth]; mid ltask [e-m] appear (seem) to [sb], ltill adj little; litla hr for a little while; litlu sar(r) a little later, lj vb (3) [w gen] to lend; lj [e-m] [e-s] lend [sb] [sth], ljahttr m Chant-meter, type of verse, ljsta vb (II) to strike; ljsta hel to strike into hel [the realm of the dead], ljga vb (II) to lie, tell a lie; fail, lobrk also lobrkkr f shaggy/hairy-breech(es) (nickname); Ragnar Lobrkkr/Lobrk Ragnar Hairy Breeches [nickname from wearing pants made of hide] legendary hero of Ragnars saga lobrkkar/lobrkar, lok n lock, bolt; pl end; lia und(ir) lok die; til loks completely, lfi m palm of the hand; holr lfi open palm, lund f manner; mind, temper; essa lund in this manner, lfafrough, thick, matted hair; original nickname for Haraldr hrfagri [Fairhair]; see Haraldr, lka vb (II) [w dat] to close; end, conclude; shut, lta vb (II) to bend down, bow; lean, lykill m key, lysta <-ti, -tr> vb impers (2) [w acc subj] to desire, intend, wish to, lsa <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to light up, illuminate; proclaim, announce; impers shine, beam; lsa [e-u] proclaim [sth]; lsir af honum light shines from him, lgbergnlaw-rock (where the law was recited), mar m man; person, human being, makligr adj fitting, proper, becoming; deserving, mala vb (VI)to grind, mannbroddr m a crampon with iron attached to shoe for traction on ice; spike, manngi (also mangi) pron no man, nobody, margbreytinn adj fickle, capricious, unpredictable, margr adj [w sg] many a; [w pl] many, marka <-a-> vb (1) to mark, draw; fix; mark as ones property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer, observe; ar eptir mtt marka fegr hans accordingly, you can judge his beauty, mgr <-s, -ar> m brother-, father-, or son-in-law; kinsman, ml n speech, narrative, talk; language; saying; deliberation, discussion; case, matter, affair; [leg] suit, action, case, mli m contract, terms, agreement; ganga mla totake service as a soldier with a leader, mlmfeti (also mlfeti) m name for a horse; mlmfeti varrar horse pulled by an oar (kenning for ship), mlugr (also mligr) adj talkative, mnur (also mnar) m month, mr m gull, sea-gull, mstallrmstall of the sea-gull (kenning for sea), mttigr (also mttugr) adj powerful, mighty, me prep [w acc] with (in the sense of bringing, carrying, or forcing); [w dat] with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); sigla me landi sail along the coast; adv as well, with it, meal (also meal, meal)prep [w gen] among, between, mega pret-pres vb can, may; be able, meia <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to injure, hurt, damage; meiask mid become injured, hurt, damaged, meiri comp adj of mikill bigger, greater, more, men n necklace; pl treasures, merki n boundary; banner, standard; token, mark, sign, mestr superl adj of mikill biggest, tallest, greatest, meta vb (V) to evaluate, value; set a price, Michael ktalakts m Michael katalaktus (personal name), Mifjarar-Skeggi m Skeggi of Midfjord (personal name), MigarrmMidgard, the Middle Enclosure, Middle Earth, MigarsormrmMidgard Serpent, the serpent Jrmungandr that encircles the earth, mila <-a-> vb (1) to share, hand out; mila [e-t] vi [e-n] share [sth] with [sb], mir adj middle, mir-aptan m middle evening, six in the evening, mikill adj big, tall, great; much, very; mikill fyrir sr powerful, strong, mikinn adv hard, fast (m acc sg of adj mikill), Miklagarr m Miklagard (place name) the Great City, Constantinople, capital of the Greek Byzantine Empire; spelled in some editions Mikligarr, milli(also millum, milli and milli) prep [w gen] between, minna <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to remind; minna [e-n] [e-s] remind [sb] of [sth]; impers minnir mik I remember; mid [w gen] minnask remember, call to mind, minni comp adj of ltill littler, less, smaller, minnstr superl adj of ltill least, smallest, Mmisbrunnr m Mimisbrunn, the Well of Mimir, morginn (also morgunn) m morning; morginn tomorrow, mir f mother, murtt fkinsfolk on the mothers side of the family, mr m moor, heath, mti (also mti and mti) prep [w dat] towards; against; contrary to; in return, mttaka f resistance, defense, counter-attack; til mttku to a defense, to counter-attack, muna pret-pres vb toremember, call to mind, munu pret-pres vb will, shall; to be sure to, must (probability); would, must (in past tense), Mspellsheimr m Muspellsheim, the Land of Fire, Mrkjartan <-s> m Myrkjartan (personal name), mrr f moor, bog, swamp, mla <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to say, speak; leg mla eptir [e-t]/[e-n] take up the prosecution for [sth]/[sb] (who was murdered or wronged); mla vi [e-n] speak to or with [sb], say to [sb]; mla me [e-m/e-u] recommend [sb/sth], mr f maid, girl, virgin, Mrr f region in West Norway, mgr m son, boy, Mrr m Mord (personal name), nau(r) f need, difficulty, distress; tla [e-t] til naua [e-m] intend [sth] as harm to [sb], n vb (2) [w dat] to reach, catch, overtake; get, obtain; [w inf] be able to, ntta <-a> vb (1) to become night, grow dark, nean adv from below, from beneath; without motion beneath, underneath, nefna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to name, call; mention [e-r nom] er nefndr [sb] is mentioned, nema vb (IV) to take; claim land; hear; learn, nema conj except, save, but; [w subjunct] unless, n conj nor; hvrkin neithernor; nn notnor, nir m son, kinsman, relative through marriage, Niflhel f Niflhel, Dark Hel, place for some dead, Nhggr m Nidhogg, the serpent which dwells in the spring Hvergelmir, ntjn num nineteen, njsn f news; spying, scouting, looking out, njta vb (II) to enjoy, Njrr m Njord, god of the sea, one of the Vanir, Normar m Northman, Norseman, Norwegian, Norri m Nordri (mythological name) North, dwarf who supports the heavens, Norrlnd n pl the Northern countries or region, Scandinavia, Nregr (also Norvegr or Noregr) <-s> m Norway, lit northern way or norvegr, norn f norn, one of the three fates; one of various supernatural females who shape peoples fates, Natn n Njords home, lit precinct of ships (na), i.e., sea, see Njrr, Nregr (also Noregr or Norvegr) <-s> m Norway, ntt (also ntt) f night; of nttina during the night, nr prep [w dat] near; adv almost, nearly; hv nr conj when; comp adv nearer, nst superl adv nearest, next; v nst thereupon, nkkurr adj pron any, anybody; some, a certain, of prep [w acc/dat] over, [of time] in, during; [w acc] of, about; adv too, ofan adv from above, down; downwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of; [w gen] above the surface of, ofan til prep [w gen] down (from above) to, opt adv often, or n word; repute, fame, report; ru ori at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word, Orkneyjar f pl the Orkney Islands (place name), Ormr <-s> m Orm (personal name); Ormr inn augi Orm the Wealthy, ormr--auga n Snake-in-the-Eye (nickname), orrosta f battle; til orrostu to or for battle, orrostumar(pl orrostumenn) mwarrior, man of battle, otrgjldnpl wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead otter, Otters ransom, dll adj difficult, quarrelsome, stubborn, al n ancestral property, patrimony, allodium, property held in allodial tenure, r adj frantic; furious, vehement, jafnaarmar m an overbearing, unjust individual, lfr <-s> m Olaf (personal name); lfr pi Olaf the Peacock, r (also r) prep [w dat] out of, from, from inside of; made of, skorinn ppart uncut, unshorn, trligr adj unbelievable; unpredictable;suspicious, tta f last part of the night before dawn, pallr mstep; raised platform along the side(s) of a hall.